气力输送应用广泛和基础的输送方式有负压气力输送、稀相正压气力输送、密相正压气力输送，这3种气力输送系统分别具有什么特点和优势呢，本文详细介绍对比：

The widely used and basic conveying methods for pneumatic conveying include negative pressure pneumatic conveying, dilute phase positive pressure pneumatic conveying, and dense phase positive pressure pneumatic conveying. What are the characteristics and advantages of these three pneumatic conveying systems? This article provides a detailed comparison:

从系统结构和配置对比

Comparison of system structure and configuration

负压气力输送（吸送式气力输送）一般由罗茨风机、输送管道、卸料器、除尘器等设备组成，罗茨风机放在系统末端，物料的输送过程在风机吸气段一侧完成，；稀相正压气力输送和密相正压气力输送的组成与负压气力输送系统基本组成设备差不多，但是正压气力输送系统的罗茨风机在系统的前端，物料的输送段是在风机压气端一侧完成；由于负压稀相和正压稀相的输送速度都较高，所以要求输送管径和阀门、除尘器等设备配置都要高于密相气力输送。

Negative pressure pneumatic conveying (suction pneumatic conveying) generally consists of Roots blower, conveying pipeline, unloader, dust collector and other equipment. Roots blower is placed at the end of the system, and the material conveying process is completed on one side of the suction section of the blower,; The composition of dilute phase positive pressure pneumatic conveying and dense phase positive pressure pneumatic conveying is similar to that of negative pressure pneumatic conveying systems. However, the Roots blower of the positive pressure pneumatic conveying system is at the front end of the system, and the material conveying section is completed on the compressor side of the blower; Due to the high conveying speeds of negative pressure dilute phase and positive pressure dilute phase, it is required that the conveying pipe diameter, valves, dust collectors, and other equipment configurations be higher than those of dense phase pneumatic conveying.

输送品质对比

Comparison of conveying quality

稀相气力输送常采用未经处理的输送空气，可能会带有油污和铁锈等杂质，一般需加装冷却器和干燥器排除杂质的影响，但另一方面这又会对风机造成较大的压力损失。而密相气力输送采用压缩空气为动力，进入压缩机所得到的空气洁净而干燥，不会有以上问题的困扰。

Dilute phase pneumatic conveying often uses untreated conveying air, which may contain impurities such as oil and rust. Generally, coolers and dryers need to be installed to eliminate the influence of impurities. However, on the other hand, this can cause significant pressure loss to the fan. Dense phase pneumatic conveying uses compressed air as the power source, and the air obtained from entering the compressor is clean and dry, without the above-mentioned problems.

适用范围及主要特点

Scope of application and main characteristics

负压输送受限于负压范围，输送范围小，输送距离一般在50 m 以内，对卸料器、除尘器的严密性要求高，要求在气密条件下排料，设备结构相对复杂；稀相输送需要依赖较高的风速进行输送，因此输送距离一般在百米左右，输送距离较短；而正压密相输送采用较低的输送速度，因此可输送较远的距离，一般输送距离可达 100 m-1000m。

Negative pressure conveying is limited by the negative pressure range, with a small conveying range and a conveying distance generally within 50 meters. It requires high tightness of the unloader and dust collector, requiring discharge under airtight conditions, and the equipment structure is relatively complex; Dilute phase conveying relies on higher wind speeds for conveying, so the conveying distance is generally around 100 meters, and the conveying distance is relatively short; Positive pressure dense phase conveying adopts a lower conveying speed, so it can transport a longer distance, generally up to 100 m-1000m.

除了以上3种基础的输送方式，目前在广泛应用的具有鲜明的特点，混合式气力输送系统是组合了正压负压输送方式，适用于既要集料又要配料的场合，兼具了以上负压和正压两者的优缺点。在选择气力输送系统时就需要根据输送物料的特性、生产工艺要求、输送效率和经济性等加以综合研究考虑。

In addition to the three basic conveying methods mentioned above, the currently widely used hybrid pneumatic conveying system has distinct characteristics. It combines positive pressure and negative pressure conveying methods, suitable for situations where both aggregates and ingredients are needed, and combines the advantages and disadvantages of both negative pressure and positive pressure. When choosing a pneumatic conveying system, it is necessary to comprehensively study and consider the characteristics of the conveyed materials, production process requirements, conveying efficiency, and economy.

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