在气力输送中采用哪种供料方式，取决于系统类型，供料设备是整个系统的关键设备，是气力输送的“咽喉”，它的结构是否合理，使用是否恰当，对提高生产率，减少压损都有较多的影响，因此，如何正确的设计和选用供料设备，是提高气力输送工艺效果的重要环节，在正压和负压气力输送中，供料器的作用也是非常大的。

The type of feeding method used in pneumatic conveying depends on the system type. Feeding equipment is the key equipment of the entire system and the "throat" of pneumatic conveying. Whether its structure is reasonable and its use is appropriate has a significant impact on improving productivity and reducing pressure loss. Therefore, how to correctly design and select feeding equipment is an important link to improve the effectiveness of pneumatic conveying technology. In positive and negative pressure pneumatic conveying, The function of the feeder is also very important.

在负压气力输送系统中的供料器也称接料器，作用主要是使物料和空气充分混合并送入输料管。常用的供料设备：

The feeder, also known as the feeder in the negative pressure pneumatic conveying system, is mainly used to fully mix the material and air and feed them into the conveying pipe. Common feeding equipment:

1）三通接料器，是由供料流管和风管两个基本部分组成，根据风管放置位置的不同，分为垂直三通接料器和水平三通接料器两种形式；

1) A three-way connector is composed of two basic parts: a supply flow pipe and an air duct. According to the different positions of the air ducts, it can be divided into two forms: a vertical three-way connector and a horizontal three-way connector;

2）诱导式接料器，是垂直三通接料器的一种变形；

2) Induction feeder is a deformation of a vertical three-way feeder;

3）弯头接料器，横断面呈矩形、它的一端借变形管与圆形输料管连接，另一端借变形管与流管连接。适用于磨粉机或碾米机下物料的接料且能从机器中吸取大量的空气、对机器和物料进行降温，以保证物料的品质延长设备使用寿命；

3) The elbow feeder has a rectangular cross-section, with one end connected to a circular feeding pipe through a deformation pipe and the other end connected to a flow pipe through a deformation pipe. Suitable for receiving materials under milling machines or rice mills, and able to absorb a large amount of air from the machine, cool down the machine and materials, to ensure the quality of materials and extend the service life of the equipment;

4）双筒形吸嘴，是由入口处做成喇叭形的内筒和可上下调节的外筒组成；用来直接吸取仓库或车船内的颗粒状散装物料。

4) A double tube suction nozzle is composed of an inner tube with a horn shaped inlet and an outer tube that can be adjusted up and down; Used to directly extract granular bulk materials from warehouses or vehicles and ships.

负压气力输送

Negative pressure pneumatic conveying

在正压气力输送系统中供料方式也有多种，供料设备有：

There are also various feeding methods in the positive pressure pneumatic conveying system, and the feeding equipment includes:

1）喷射式供料气力输送主要用于低压连续气力输送，其原理是当气流进入喷射式供料器由喷嘴喷出时，由于节流的作用，使混合室形成一定的真空度，将物料吸入混合室内而输送，分低压喷射供料器和高压喷射供料器；

1) Jet feeding pneumatic conveying is mainly used for low-pressure continuous pneumatic conveying. Its principle is that when the airflow enters the jet feeder and is sprayed out by the nozzle, due to the throttling effect, a certain degree of vacuum is formed in the mixing chamber, and the material is sucked into the mixing chamber for conveying, divided into low-pressure jet feeder and high-pressure jet feeder;

2）旋转供料器又称星形给料器、锁气器等，用于中低压气力输送，其优点是改变转速后可调整供料量、压力损失小；根据使用现场工艺有贯通型、背包型、防卡型、耐磨型等类型；

2) Rotating feeder, also known as star feeder, air lock, etc., is used for medium and low pressure pneumatic conveying. Its advantages are that the feeding amount can be adjusted after changing the speed, and the pressure loss is small; According to the on-site process, there are types such as through type, backpack type, anti jamming type, wear-resistant type, etc;

3）仓泵气力输送，是一个密封压力容器、物料装入仓泵内与压缩空气混合经输料管输送物料至卸料点。

3) The pneumatic conveying of the warehouse pump is a sealed pressure vessel, in which materials are loaded into the warehouse pump and mixed with compressed air through a conveying pipe to transport materials to the unloading point.

正压气力输送

Positive pressure pneumatic conveying

气力输送供料器设计和选用的一般原则是：

The general principles for the design and selection of pneumatic conveying feeders are:

1. 能定量、均匀、分散的供料，并能保证物料和空气充分混合；

1. Able to provide materials in a quantitative, uniform, and dispersed manner, and ensure full mixing of materials and air;

2. 不漏气、不漏料、不产生物料颗粒的破碎，能使空气通畅地进入，以减少空气流动的能量损失；

2. No air leakage, no material leakage, and no crushing of material particles, which can allow air to enter smoothly and reduce energy loss in air flow;

3. 阻力小、功率消耗低，尽可能使气流的方向与物料的流向一致，避免逆向进料；

3. Low resistance, low power consumption, try to align the direction of the airflow with the direction of the material flow as much as possible, and avoid reverse feeding;

4. 喂料通顺、操作方便、设备寿命长、经久耐用；

4. Smooth feeding, easy operation, long equipment life, and durability;

5. 供料器的气密性要好、以保证其供料量，防止空气外泄；

5. The airtightness of the feeder should be good to ensure its feeding capacity and prevent air leakage;

6. 结构要简单、占地面积要小。

6. The structure should be simple and the footprint should be small.