Development and application of negative pressure pneumatic conveying

气力输送应用已有一百多年的历史。六十年代以来，随着各生产部门的工艺流程中散状物料流化操作的比例不断增加，并迅速朝综合机械化和自动化方向发展，气力输送技术也获得很大发展。目前它已广泛地应用于农业轻工业的食品烟草酿造纺织木材加工行业重工业中的铸造化工橡胶石油矿山等部门；交通运输业中的港口车站和仓库的装卸以及建筑等生产部门的有运输环节和工艺操作过程中。

The application of pneumatic conveying has a history of over a hundred years. Since the 1960s, with the increasing proportion of bulk material fluidization operations in various production departments' process flows and rapid development towards comprehensive mechanization and automation, pneumatic conveying technology has also achieved great development. At present, it has been widely used in agriculture, light industry, food, tobacco, brewing, textile, wood processing, heavy industry, casting, chemical engineering, rubber, petroleum, mining, and other departments; In the transportation industry, the loading and unloading of port stations and warehouses, as well as the transportation and process operations of production departments such as construction, are involved.

二负压气力输送系统工作原理

Working principle of the two negative pressure pneumatic conveying system

在气力输送网络中，风机工作时，风机的进口段管道形成负压，出口段管道形成正压，物料被风机从进口段管道吸入，并在进口段管道中随着带有一定负压速度的气流输送达到指定地方，这种方法就是负压气力输送。

In the pneumatic conveying network, when the fan is working, negative pressure is formed in the inlet section of the fan, and positive pressure is formed in the outlet section of the fan. The material is sucked in by the fan from the inlet section of the pipeline and transported to the designated location with a certain negative pressure velocity in the inlet section of the pipeline. This method is called negative pressure pneumatic conveying.

三负压气力输送的特点

Characteristics of three negative pressure pneumatic conveying

负压气力输送物料量大，输送距离远，输送物料线路不受地形限制。与传统提升机皮带输送机正压输送方式相比，负压输送的物料不外扬，输送的物料安全环保。因此，负压气力输送方式现在广泛应用于粮食，化工，建材等行业的粉料输送中。

Negative pressure pneumatic conveying has a large amount of materials, a long conveying distance, and the conveying route is not limited by the terrain. Compared with the traditional positive pressure conveying method of the elevator belt conveyor, the negative pressure conveying material does not lift outward, and the conveyed material is safe and environmentally friendly. Therefore, the negative pressure pneumatic conveying method is now widely used in powder conveying in industries such as grain, chemical, and building materials.

在输送过程中可同时进行混合分级粉碎烘干造粒等，也可以进行某些化学反应。

During the transportation process, mixing, grading, crushing, drying, and granulation can be carried out simultaneously, as well as certain chemical reactions.

对不稳定的化学物品可用惰性气体输送，安全可靠。

Inert gas can be used to transport unstable chemicals, ensuring safety and reliability.

设备简单结构紧凑工艺布置灵活占用面积小。选择输送路线容易。

The equipment is simple, structurally compact, and the process layout is flexible, occupying a small area. Choosing a conveying route is easy.

易于对整个系统实现控制和自动化。

Easy to control and automate the entire system.

四负压气力输送的设计及计算

Design and calculation of four negative pressure pneumatic conveying

负压气力输送的设计计算时需要买方提供输送物料的最大产量，物料的特性即物料的比重，温度，湿度，粒度和散落性等，物料的输送距离和路线。供应方根据需求方提供的资料设计风网网络图，计算风网各参数。根据计算参数选择旋风除尘器，风机，脉冲袋式除尘器的型号。

When designing and calculating negative pressure pneumatic conveying, the buyer needs to provide the maximum output of the conveyed material, the characteristics of the material, such as its specific gravity, temperature, humidity, particle size, and dispersibility, as well as the conveying distance and route of the material. The supplier designs the air network diagram and calculates the parameters of the air network based on the information provided by the demand party. Select the models of cyclone dust collector, fan, and pulse bag filter based on the calculation parameters.

五负压气力输送与正压气力输送的比较

Comparison between five negative pressure pneumatic conveying and positive pressure pneumatic conveying

负压气力输送一般采用大风量，中风压，风压一般在10000Pa左右，物料运行处于负压状态，物料在下料处与管道运行中不外扬，可以保持良好的生产连续性。因此，对生产环境不会造成污染，生产效率较高。正压气力输送一般采用小风量，高风压，风压一般在50000Pa左右，物料运行处于正压状态，物料在接料处和管道运行中容易外泄。因此，对生产环境容易造成污染。需要作进一步除尘处理。

Negative pressure pneumatic conveying generally adopts high air volume, medium air pressure, and air pressure generally around 10000Pa. The material is in a negative pressure state during operation, and the material does not lift outward at the feeding point and pipeline operation, which can maintain good production continuity. Therefore, it will not cause pollution to the production environment and has high production efficiency. Positive pressure pneumatic conveying generally adopts small air volume and high air pressure, with a wind pressure of around 50000 Pa. The material is in a positive pressure state during operation, and it is easy to leak out during material connection and pipeline operation. Therefore, it is easy to cause pollution to the production environment. Further dust removal treatment is required.

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